Climate Litigation

In 2026, IGSD updated its compendium of key climate jurisprudence to reflect the monumental developments represented by the 2025 climate Advisory Opinions from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the International Court of Justice. Summaries and analyses of these opinions can now be found in Annex 2 of the document. The compendium now covers all […]

This version includes the 18 September 2025 Concurring and Partially Dissenting Opinions in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion on the Climate Emergency, as well as recent judicial decisions discussing the three Advisory Opinions. It also includes additional commentary on the Opinions, as well as expanded Questions and Discussion.

Legal Status of Advisory Opinions, and Domestic Reception This memorandum was prepared following the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ Advisory Opinion on the Climate Emergency and Human Rights (OC-32/25). It examines States’ positions on the doctrine of conventionality control and the binding effect of advisory opinions, both of which are critical to understanding the Opinion’s […]

The spread of false or misleading information about climate change is a serious challenge which has already hindered our collective response to the climate emergency. As climate disinformation continues to circulate, its obfuscation of the hard scientific reality of climate change further undermines efforts to act on the necessary scale, with the necessary urgency, to […]

This publication compiles fourteen thematic documents developed through the collaborative efforts of a coalition of environmental, human rights, and academic organizations, alongside experts who have actively participated in the advisory proceedings from the outset. The topics reflect the main thematic areas articulated by the Court in the Advisory Opinion and are organized into four sections: […]

The article explores how the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ long-awaited Advisory Opinion on Human Rights and the Climate Emergency marks a turning point in the jurisprudence of the Court by acknowledging the climate emergency as an existential threat to human rights and providing a framework for States to respond with urgency, ambition, and accountability.

IGSD’s supplementary brief presented to the Inter-American Human Rights Court Advisory Opinion Proceedings on the Human Right to Resilience. This supplementary brief further addresses the legal obligations of States to establish and maintain climate resilience in response to the climate emergency to protect and ensure human rights.  Also available in Spanish, El Reconocimiento del Derecho Humano […]

As climate change increasingly impacts our lives, international and regional judicial advisory opinions are reshaping our approach to the climate emergency from an international law perspective. We are at an historic juncture, with three major international courts issuing advisory opinions on States’ obligations to address the climate emergency. These opinions could become crucial tools in […]