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December 2, 2025 by IGSD China Launches Stakeholder Alliance to Control Industrial Nitrous Oxide Emissions

On 26 November 2025, the Chinese government launched the Industry–Academia–Research Alliance for Controlling Industrial-Sector Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions in Beijing. The National Center for Climate Strategy and International Cooperation (under the China Ministry of Ecology and Environment) initiated the Alliance, together with the China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, the China Chemical Energy Conservation Technology Association, […]

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December 2, 2025

November 3, 2025 by IGSD New Publication: Climate Justice and Human Rights: Legal Standards and Tools from the Inter-American Court’s Advisory Opinion 32/25

Washington, D.C., 3 November 2025 — Irreversible climate destruction is a peremptory violation of international law. This unprecedented legal determination, alongside the explicit recognition of the right to a healthy climate and Nature as a subject of rights, is among the conclusions highlighted in the new publication, Climate Justice and Human Rights: Legal Standards and […]

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November 3, 2025

November 3, 2025 by IGSD A First Look at China’s 2035 NDC: Headline Targets and Non-CO₂ Action

3 November 2025 – Today, China submitted its 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The submission reaffirms China’s 2035 NDC targets as announced by President Xi Jinping at the United Nations Climate Summit in September 2025. Additionally, it lists specific quantitative targets on non-CO2 GHGs. Key quantitative […]

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November 3, 2025

October 31, 2025 by IGSD China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment Describes Expectations for COP30

On October 29, 2025, China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) held its monthly press conference. Against the backdrop of the upcoming 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), MEE stated that China will play a constructive role and support Brazil COP30 presidency. MEE noted that […]

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October 31, 2025

October 20, 2025 by IGSD A Fast hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) Phase Down is Less Expensive than Slow!

20 October 2025 – Montreal Protocol insiders and scholars from Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Ghana, and the United States have authored a new paper documenting that faster phasedown of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) to help avert near-term climate tipping points will cost less than the existing schedule. The paper, HFC Phasedown Under the Kigali Amendment to the […]

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October 20, 2025

October 10, 2025 by IGSD Judicial Responses to the Advisory Opinion from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the Climate Emergency

10 October 2025 – Three advisory opinions on climate change have clarified state obligations under international law: the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and the Law of the Sea (May 2024); the Inter-American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion OC-32/25 on Human Rights and the Climate Emergency […]

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October 10, 2025

October 1, 2025 by IGSD Haryana Launches State Environment Plan and Landmark Report on Non-CO₂ Pollutants

1 October 2025 – On 16 September 2025, Haryana Chief Minister Shri Nayab Singh Saini unveiled the new State Environment Plan (SEP), released in Panchkula, Haryana, which offers a complete analysis of the state’s environmental landscape. The plan covers areas like agriculture, waste management, transportation, air and noise pollution, as well as biodiversity. The SEP […]

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October 1, 2025

September 28, 2025 by IGSD At New York Climate Week, Heads of State Call for Mandatory Methane Mitigation

New York, 28 September 2025 – The Climate & Clean Air Coalition’s methane forum, co-hosted with Michael Bloomberg, was one of the most important meetings of Climate Week 2025. Ministers and current and former heads of State urged the world to take faster action to cut methane emissions to slow near-term warming. The call for […]

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September 28, 2025

September 16, 2025 by IGSD How the Montreal Protocol Put the Stratospheric Ozone Layer on the Path to Recovery and Delayed Climate Tipping Points

16 September 2025 – Today, on the occasion of the United Nations International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, IGSD, in collaboration with the Planetary Guardians Initiative, Plus Wonder, and others, released a report describing how the stratospheric ozone layer recovered from the danger zone through swift action under the Montreal Protocol on […]

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September 16, 2025

September 16, 2025 by IGSD Industry Leadership in Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning

16 September 2025 – In celebration of the United Nations International Ozone Day, the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development (IGSD) and the Mobile Air Climate Systems Association (MACS) released a 100-page history of automotive leadership in air conditioning and heating technology that protects the stratospheric ozone layer and climate. The history also includes a […]

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September 16, 2025